SANCTIFICATION BY FAITH

Lectures To Professing Christians

Lecture VI. 1837

by the Rev. CHARLES G. FINNEY

Modernized by Cliff Collins 

TEXT: “Do we then make void the law through faith?  Certainly not, on the contrary, we establish the law.”  (Romans 3: 31)

The apostle Paul had been proving that all mankind, both Jews and Gentiles, were sinners, and opposing the doctrine so generally entertained by the Jews, that they were a holy people and saved by their works.  He showed that justification could never be by works, but by faith.  He then anticipated this objection: “Are you saying that the law of God is set aside and done away with, by this plan of justification?”  “Certainly not,” Paul responded, “on the contrary, we establish the law.”  In discussing this subject tonight, I plan to pursue the following order:

I. I will show that the gospel method of justification does not set aside or repeal the law.

II. I will show that justification establishes the law, by producing true obedience to it.  In fact, gospel justification is the only means that does this.

The greatest objection to the doctrine of Justification by Faith has always been that it is inconsistent with good morals, that it winks at sin, and opens the floodgates of iniquity.  Many people argue that to maintain that people should not depend on their own good behavior for salvation, but must be saved by faith in another, tends to make them morally sloppy, and encourages them to live in sin while they depend on Christ to justify them.  Others argue that the gospel releases them from their obligation to obey the moral law, so that a more lax morality is permitted under the gospel than was allowed under the law.

 

I. I will show that the gospel method of justification does not set aside the moral law.

1. It cannot be true that this method of justification sets aside the moral law, because the gospel everywhere enforces obedience to the law, and lays down the same standard of holiness.

Jesus Christ adopted the very words of the moral law, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind, and you shall love your neighbor as yourself”.  (Matt 22:37-39)

2. The conditions of the gospel are designed to support the moral law.

The gospel requires our repentance as a condition of salvation.  What is repentance?  Repentance is renouncing sin!  We must repent of our violations of the law of God, and return to obeying the law.  This is the same thing as requiring obedience.

3. The gospel maintains that the law is right.

If the gospel does not fully uphold the law, it could be said that Christ is the minister of sin.

4. By the gospel plan, the rewards and punishments of the gospel are added to the rewards and punishments of the law to enforce obedience to the law.

The author of the book of Hebrews says, “Anyone who has rejected Moses’ law dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.  Of how much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?”  (Hebrews 10:28-29)  Thus, the awful sanctions of the gospel are added to those of the law to enforce obedience to the precepts of the law.

 

II. I will show that the doctrine of justification by faith produces sanctification by producing the only true obedience to the law.

By this I mean, that when our mind understands this plan of salvation, and exercises faith in it, it naturally produces sanctification.  Sanctification is holiness, and holiness is nothing but obedience to the law, consisting in love of God and love of man.

To support the proposition that justification by faith produces true obedience to the law of God, my first position is that sanctification can never be produced among selfish or wicked people by obeying the law itself, separate from the considerations of the gospel, or the motives that are connected with justification by faith.

The motives of the law does not prevent selfish people from committing sin, and it is absurd to think that the same motives can reclaim them from sin after they have fallen under the power of selfishness, and when sin is reinforced by habit.  The motives of the law lose much of their influence after a person has fallen.  They even exert an opposite influence.  The motives of the law, as viewed by a selfish mind, have a tendency to cause sin to abound.  This is the experience of every sinner.  When he sees the spirituality of the law, and does not see the motives of the gospel, it raises the pride of his heart, and confirms him in his rebellion.  The situation of the devil is an excellent example of what the law can do, with all its principles and sanctions, on a wicked heart.  Satan understands the law.  He sees that it is reasonable.  He has experienced the blessedness of obedience, and he knows fully that to return to obedience would restore his peace of mind.  This he knows better, than any sinner of our race, who never was holy, can know it, and yet it presents to his mind not one motive that is powerful enough to reclaim him; but rather, all this knowledge drives him even deeper into his disobedience.

When obedience to the law is presented to the sinner as the condition of life, he immediately decides to make self-righteous efforts.  In almost every situation, the first thing the awakened sinner does is that he tries to obey the law.  He thinks he must first make himself better in some way before he can embrace the gospel.  He has no idea of how simple the gospel plan of salvation by faith is, offering eternal life as a mere gratuitous gift.  Alarm the sinner with the penalty of the law, and he naturally, and by the very laws of his mind, tries to improve his life, and in some self-righteous way, he tries to obtain eternal life under the influence of slavish fear.  And the more the law presses him, the greater are his pharisaical efforts as long as he has the hope that if he obeys God might accept him.  What else can you expect from him?  He is purely selfish, and although he should immediately submit to God, because he does not understand the gospel terms of salvation and his mind is focused on getting away from the danger of the penalty, he tries to get to heaven some other way.  I do not believe anyone has ever submitted to God before he has seen that salvation must be by faith, and that his own self-righteous strivings have no tendency to save him.

If you try to produce holiness by obeying the law, the very fear of failure tends to draw your attention away from the objects of love, and from God and Christ.  The sinner spends all his time walking around Mount Sinai, and looking at his footsteps to see how close he comes to obedience.  How can he get into the spirit of heaven?

Let me say again, that the penalty of the law has no tendency to produce love in the first place.  It may increase love in those who already have it, when they think about the law as an exhibition of God’s infinite holiness.  The angels in heaven, and good people on earth, think how appropriate and proper it is, and see in the law the expression of God’s good will to His creatures.  To them, it appears amiable and lovely, and increases their delight in God and their confidence towards Him.  But, it is just the opposite with the selfish person.  The selfish person sees the penalty hanging over his own head, and he sees no way of escaping, and it is not in his mind to fall in love with the Being that holds a thunderbolt over his devoted head.  From the nature of his mind, he will flee from God, not run towards Him.  The inspired writers never thought that the law could sanctify men.  The law is given rather to slay than to make alive, to cut off men’s self-righteous hopes forever, and compel them to flee to Christ.

Sinners under the bare law, without the gospel, naturally and necessarily view God as an irreconcilable enemy.  They are completely selfish; and apart from the considerations of the gospel, they view God just as the devil views Him.  No motive in the law can be exhibited to a selfish mind that will produce love.  Can the influence of penalty do it?

It would be a strange plan of reformation to send men to hell to reform them; to let them go on in sin and rebellion until the day they die, and then be punished until they become holy.  I am surprised that the devil has not become holy!  He has suffered long enough, he has been in hell these thousands of years, and he is no better than he was.  The reason is, there is no gospel there, there is no Holy Spirit there to apply the truth, and the penalty only confirms his rebellion.

The doctrine of justification by faith can relieve these difficulties.  It can produce and it has produced real obedience to the precept of the law.  Justification by faith does not set aside the law as a rule of duty, but only sets aside the penalty of the law.  And preaching justification as a mere gratuity bestowed on the simple act of faith, is the only way in which obedience to the law is ever brought about.  This I will now show from the following considerations:

1. The doctrine of Justification relieves the mind from the pressure of those considerations that naturally tend to confirm selfishness.

While our mind is looking only at the law, we only feel the influence of hope and fear, perpetuating purely selfish efforts.  But justification by faith annihilates this spirit of bondage.  The apostle Paul says, “For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, ‘Abba, Father’”.  This plan of salvation produces love and gratitude to God, and leads the soul to taste the sweets of holiness.

2. The doctrine of justification also relieves our mind from the need to make our own salvation our supreme goal in life.

The believer in the gospel plan of salvation finds salvation full and complete, including both sanctification and eternal life already prepared.  Instead of being driven to the life of a Pharisee in religion, of laborious and exhausting efforts, he receives the gospel as a free gift, a mere gratuity.  He is now free to exercise unselfish love, and to live and labor for the salvation of others, leaving his own soul unreservedly to Christ.

3. The fact that God has provided and given him salvation as a gratuity is designed to stimulate a concern for others in the heart of the believer, so that when he sees them dying for the lack of this salvation, they may be brought to the knowledge of the truth and be saved.  How far from every selfish motive are those influences.  It exhibits God, not as the law exhibits him, as an irreconcilable enemy, but as a grieved and offended Father, willing to be reconciled, yes, desiring that His subjects become reconciled to Him and live.  This is designed to produce love.  It exhibits God as making the greatest sacrifice to reconcile sinners to Himself; and from no other motive than a pure and totally unselfish regard for their happiness.  Try this with your own family.  The law represents God as armed with wrath and determined to punish the sinner without hope or help.  The gospel represents God as offended indeed, but He is so anxious they should return to Him that He has made the greatest conceivable sacrifices out of a pure unselfish love for His wandering children.

I once heard a father say that he tried to imitate the government of God with his family.  Once, when his child did wrong, he reasoned with him and showed him his faults; and when the child was fully convinced, confounded, and condemned so that he could not say a word, then the father asked him, “Do you deserve to be punished”?  “Yes, sir.”  The lad responded.  “I know it, and now if I were to let you go, what influence would it have over the other children?  Rather than do that, I will take the punishment myself.”  Therefore, he laid the rod on himself, and it had the most astonishing effect on the mind of the child.  He had never tried anything so perfectly subduing to the mind as this.  And from the laws of the mind, it must be so.  It affects the mind in a way that is entirely different from the law.

4. The doctrine of justification brings a person’s mind under an entirely new set of influences, and leaves us free to weigh the reasons for holiness, and decide accordingly.

Under the law, only motives of hope and fear can operate on the sinner’s mind.  But under the gospel, the influence of hope and fear are set aside and a new set of considerations are presented revealing God’s entire character in all the attractions He can command.  It gives the person the most heart-breaking sin-subduing views of God.  The gospel presents God to his senses.  It exhibits God’s unselfish love.  The way Satan prevailed against our first parents was by leading them to doubt God’s unselfishness.  The gospel demonstrates the truth and corrects this lie.  The law represents God as the merciless enemy of the sinner, as securing happiness to all who perfectly obey, but thundering down wrath on all who disobey.  The gospel reveals new features in God’s character not known before.  There is no doubt that the gospel increases the love of all holy beings and gives greater joy to the angels in heaven, greatly increasing their love, confidence, and admiration when they see God’s amazing pity and forbearance towards the guilty.  The law drove the devils to hell, and it drove Adam and Eve from Paradise.  But when the blessed spirits see the same holy God waiting on rebels, in fact, pouring out His own heart and giving His beloved Son for them, and suffering unwearied pains for thousands of years to save sinners, do you think it has no influence in strengthening the motives in their minds to love and obey?

The devil, who is a purely selfish being, is always accusing others of being selfish.  He accused Job of being selfish, “Does Job fear God for nothing?”  To Adam and Eve, he accused God of being selfish, and that the only reason that God forbid them to eat of the tree of knowledge was because God was afraid that they might come to know as much as Himself.  The gospel reveals that God is not selfish.  If God were selfish, He would not make such an unselfish effort to save those whom He could easily crush in hell.  Nothing can make selfish people ashamed of their selfishness, like seeing unselfish love in others.  As a result, the wicked are always trying to appear unselfish and fair.  Let the selfish individual, who has any heart, see true unselfish love in others, and it is like coals of fire being dropped on his head.  The apostle Paul understood this when he said, “Therefore if your enemy hungers, feed him; if he thirsts, give him a drink; for in so doing you will heap coals of fire on his head.”  Nothing is so designed to cut down an enemy, win him over, and make him a friend.

This is what the gospel does to sinners.  The gospel shows them that in spite of all that they have done to God, God still exercises unselfish love towards them.  When the sinner sees God stooping from heaven to save him, and understands that it is indeed TRUE, Oh, how it melts and breaks down his heart, strikes a deathblow to selfishness, and wins him over to unbounded confidence and holy love.  God has so created our minds that we naturally pay homage to virtue.  We must do this, as long as we retain the powers of moral agency.  This is as true in hell as it is in heaven.  Even the devil feels this.  When an individual sees that God has no interested or selfish reasons to condemn him, when he sees that God offers salvation as a mere gratuity through faith, he cannot but feel admiration of God’s unselfish love.  The individual’s selfishness is crushed.  The law does its work.  He sees that all his selfish endeavors have done no good; and the next step is for his heart to reach out in unselfish love.

Suppose someone was under sentence of death for rebellion and he had tried every practical way to recommend himself to the government, but he failed because everything he did was hollow-hearted and selfish.  He sees that the government understands why he does everything, and he is still not reconciled.  He knows that everything he tried was hypocritical and selfish.  He was moved by the hope of favor or the fear of wrath, and that the government has become more and more incensed at his hypocrisy.  Now, let us say that a paper is brought to him from the government, offering him a free pardon on the simple condition that he would receive it as a free gift without even thinking about his own works; what influence will it have on his mind?  The moment he finds the penalty set aside, and that he no longer needs to indulge in any self-righteous efforts, his mind is filled with admiration.  Now, let it be revealed that the government has made the greatest sacrifices to obtain this pardon; his selfishness is slain, and he melts down like a child at his sovereign’s feet, ready to obey the law because he loves His sovereign.

5. All true obedience turns on faith.  Faith secures all the required influences to produce sanctification.  It gives the doctrines of eternity access to our mind and a hold of our heart.  In today’s world, the motives of time are addressed to our senses.  The motives that influence the spirits of the just in heaven do not reach us through our senses.  But when faith is exercised, the wall is broken down, and the vast realities of eternity act on our mind here with the same kind of influence that they have in eternity.  Mind is mind everywhere.  And if it were not for the darkness of unbelief, we would live here just as they do in the eternal world.  Sinners here would rage and blaspheme, just as they do in hell; and saints would love, obey, and praise God, just as they do in heaven.  Now, faith makes all these things real.  It breaks our mind loose from the hindrances of the world.  We behold God and we understand His law and His love.  There is no other way that these motives can take hold on our mind.  What a mighty action it must have on our mind when it takes hold of the love of Christ!  What a life-giving power when the pure motives of the gospel crowd into our mind and stir it up with divine energy!  Every Christian knows that, in proportion to the strength of his faith, his mind is buoyant and active; and when his faith flags, his soul is dark and listless.  It is faith alone that places the things of time and eternity in their proper perspective, and sets down the true value of the things of time and sense.  It breaks up the delusions of our mind.  Our soul shakes itself from its errors and obstructions, and we rise up in communion with God.

 

REMARKS.

I. It is as un-philosophical as it is unscriptural to try to convert and sanctify the minds of sinners without the motives of the gospel.

You may press the sinner with the law, and make him see his own character, the greatness and justice of God, and his ruined condition.  But, if you hide the motives of the gospel from his mind, then everything you say will all be in vain.

II. It is absurd to think that the offers of the gospel are designed to produce a selfish hope.

Some are afraid to place into the sinner’s mind the whole character of God; and they try to make the sinner submit to God by casting him down in despair.  This is not only against the gospel, but it is absurd.  It is absurd to think that, in order to destroy the selfishness of a sinner, you must hide from him the knowledge of how much God loves and pities him, and the great sacrifices God that has made to save him.

III. Sinners are not in danger of getting false hopes if they are allowed to know the real compassion of God.  In fact, while you hide God’s compassion, it is impossible to give the sinner anything other than a false hope.  Withholding from the sinner who is writhing under conviction the fact that God has provided salvation as a free gift, is the best way to confirm his selfishness; and if he receives any hope at all, it must be a false hope.  To force a person into submission by the law alone is to encourage him to build a self-righteous foundation.

IV. As far as we can see, preaching that salvation is by grace, not bestowed in any degree because of our own works, is the only possible way of reclaiming selfish beings.

Suppose salvation was not altogether a gracious gift, but that some degree of good works must be taken into account, and for those good works we are, in part, justified.  The more we consider this, the more it stimulates selfishness.  You must get the sinner to see that he must completely depend on free grace, and that a full and complete justification is bestowed on his first act of faith as a gift, and no part of it is equal to anything he does.  This alone dissolves the influence of selfishness and secures holy action.

V. If all this is true, sinners should be put in the fullest possible possession, and in the fastest way possible, of the whole plan of salvation.

They should be made to see the law, and their own guilt, and that they have no way to save themselves; and then, the more fully the whole length and breadth and height and depth of the love of God is spread out before them, the more effectively you will crush his selfishness and subdue his soul in love to God.  Do not be afraid, in witnessing to sinners, to show the whole plan of salvation, and give the fullest possible exhibition of the infinite compassion of God.  Show him that, in spite of his guilt, the Son of God is knocking at the door and pleading with him to be reconciled to God.

VI. Can you see why so many convicted sinners today are endlessly walking around Mount Sinai with self-righteous efforts to save themselves by their own works?

How often do you find sinners trying to get more feeling, or waiting until they have said more prayers and they try harder, expecting to recommend themselves to God this way.  Why do they do all of this?  The sinner needs to be led away from this.  He needs to be made to see that he is looking for salvation under the law.  He must be made to see that all this is superseded by the gospel offering him all he lacks as a free gift.  He must hear Jesus, saying,  “You will not come to Me that you may have life: Oh, no, you are willing to pray.  You are willing to go to meetings and read the Bible, or to do anything but come to Me.  Sinner, here is the road: I am the way, and the truth, and the life.  No man comes to the Father but through Me.  I am the resurrection and the life.  I am the light of the world.  Here sinner, this is what you want.  Instead of trying your self-righteous prayers and efforts, here is what you are looking for, only believe and you shall be saved.”

VII. Can you see why so many professing Christians are always in the dark?

They are looking at their sins, confining their observations to themselves, and losing sight of the fact that they have only to take a proper hold of Jesus Christ, throw themselves on Him, and everything will be fine.

VIII. The law is useful to convict men; but, in fact, it never breaks the heart.  The gospel alone does that.  The degree in which a convert is brokenhearted is in proportion to the degree of clearness with which he apprehends the gospel.

IX. Converts, if you can call them converts, who entertain a hope under legal preaching, may have an intellectual approval of the law, and a sort of dry zeal, but they never make mellow, brokenhearted Christians.  If they have not seen God in the attitude in which He is exhibited in the gospel, they are not the kind of Christians that you will sometimes see with a tear trembling in their eye, and their bodies shaking with emotion at the name of Jesus.

X. Now, you can see what needs to be done with sinners who are under conviction, and what to do with those professing Christians who are in darkness.  They must be led right to Christ, and made to take hold of the plan of salvation by faith.  It is foolish to expect to do them good in any other way.