JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH

Lectures To Professing Christians

Lecture V. 1837

by the Rev. CHARLES G. FINNEY

 Modernized by Cliff Collins

Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified.”  (Gal 2:16)

This passage is also expressed in the same way in the 3rd chapter of Romans.  The subject of tonight’s message is Justification by Faith.  I will pursue this discussion in the following order:

I. What is justification by law, or legal justification?

II. By the deeds of the law, no flesh can be justified.

III. What is gospel justification?

IV. What is the effect of gospel justification, or the state into which gospel justification brings a person that is justified?

V. Gospel justification is by faith.

VI. I will answer some questions.

 

I. What is legal justification?

1. Legal justification in its general legal sense means ‘not guilty’.  To justify an individual legally is to declare that he is not guilty of any breach of the law.  It is proclaiming that he has committed no crime.  It is pronouncing that he is innocent.

2. Technical justification is a form of pleading to a criminal charge, where the individual who is charged with a crime admits it, but brings forward an excuse on which he claims that he had a right to do as he did, or that he is not blameworthy.  Thus, if a person is charged with murder, the plea of justification admits that he killed the man, but alleges either that it was done in self-defense and he had a right to kill him, or that it was by an unavoidable accident and that he could not help it.  In either situation, the plea of justification admits the fact, but denies the guilt on the ground that the person involved has a sufficient excuse.

 

II. “By the works of the law no flesh shall be justified.”  (Gal 2:16)  This is true under any form of justification.

1. Under the legal form of justification, the burden of proof is on the accuser who is required to prove the facts charged.  In this case, he only has to prove that a crime has been committed once.  If he is able to prove that the crime was committed at least once, the individual is guilty.  He cannot be justified in any way by the law.  He is found guilty.  He is not in a position to argue that he has done more good than harm, or that he has kept God’s law longer than he has broken it, but he must clearly show that he has fulfilled every jot and tittle of the law.  Who can be justified by the law in this way?  No one!

2. Under the technical form of justification, the burden of proof lies on the one who makes the plea. When he pleads his case for justification, he admits the alleged fact, and therefore he must make his excuse good, or fail.  There are two points to consider.  Whatever he pleads as an excuse must be true, and he must have a good and sufficient excuse for justification, not some frivolous apology, or an excuse that does not fit the situation.  If that person’s excuse is false, or if it is insufficient, and especially if it accuses the court or government of misconduct, it is an infamous aggravation of his offence.  Now, you will see the importance of this remark as we continue.

I will now mention some of the most important reasons that sinners use for justification, and I will show what is the true nature and bearing of these excuses, and the light in which they stand before God.  I don’t have time to discuss all these pleas, but will only share two excuses that are good excuses if they are true, and two excuses that are true but worthless.

(1.) Sinners often point to their sinful nature to justify their sins.

This excuse is a good one if it is true.  If what they claim is true, that God has given us a nature that is sinful all by itself, and as a result, all the necessary deeds of our nature are sin, it is a good excuse for sin.  In the presence of heaven and earth and on the Day of Judgment, it would be a good argument in favor of justification.  God must annihilate all rational thoughts in the universe before anyone will ever blame you for sin, or if God made you sin, or if He gave you a nature that is sinful all by itself.  How can your nature be sinful?  What is sin?  Sin is a transgression of the law.  (I John 3:4)  There is no other sin but this.  Now, does the law say you must not have the nature that you have?  Definitely not!

The fact is, this doctrine of a sinful nature overlooks the difference between sin and the occasion of sin.  Our bodily appetites and constitutional susceptibilities of our body and mind, when strongly excited, become occasions for sin.  The same was true with Adam.  No one believes that Adam had a sinful nature.  But he had, by his constitution, an appetite for food and a desire for knowledge.  These appetites and desires were not sinful, but were as God made them, and were necessary to prepare him to live in this world as a subject of God’s moral government.  But the excitement of these natural desires, as you know, led to prohibited indulgence, and thus, they became the occasion of his sinning against God.  His appetites and desires were innocent all by themselves, but he yielded to them in a sinful manner, and that was his sin.  When we talk about our sinful nature as a justification, we confuse these innocent appetites and susceptibilities with sin itself.  When we do this, we charge God foolishly, and accuse Him of giving us a sinful nature, when in fact our nature with all its elements, is essential for us to be a moral agent.  God has made our nature as well as it could be made, and perfectly adapted it to the circumstances that we live in here on earth.  (Ps 139:14)  The truth is, our nature is just fine, and is just as able to love and obey God, as it is to hate and disobey Him.  Sinner!  The day is not too far away, when you will know whether this is a good excuse or not.  Then you will know whether you can face your Maker with this excuse in your hand; and when He charges you with sin, turn round and throw the blame back on Him.

Now, what influence did Adam’s sin have in producing the sin of his posterity?  I answer, Adam’s sin has subjected us to aggravated temptation, but his sin has, by no means, made our nature sinful in itself.

2. The second excuse that falls into this category is inability.  This is also a good excuse if it is true.  If sinners are unable to obey God, this is a good plea to use to justify themselves.  When you are charged with sin, when you are charged with not obeying the laws of God, all you have to do is to show, if you can, by good proof, that God has required you to do something that you are not able to perform, and the whole intelligent universe will resound with the verdict of not guilty.  If you have no natural power to obey God, every intelligent creature must give this verdict, or cease to be reasonable beings.  A first law of reason is that nobody can be required to do what he has no power to do.

Suppose God required you to undo something that you have done.  This, everyone will see, is a natural impossibility.  I remember the saying, “You can’t put an egg back together after you’ve stepped on it.”  Now, can you be guilty for not undoing something that you’ve done?  God requires repentance of past sins, and not that you should undo them.  Now, suppose it was your duty, on the first of January, to warn a certain sinner, but he is now dead.  Are you now under obligation to warn that individual?  No.  That is impossible.  All that God can now require is that you should repent.  It never can be your duty now, to warn that individual who died.  God may hold you responsible for not doing your duty to him when it was in your power.  But it would be absurd for God to require you to do what it is not in your power to do.

This excuse is false!  It throws the blame of tyranny on God, and makes the offense even worse.  If God requires you to do what you have no power to do, it is tyranny.  We know that what God requires you to do is under the penalty of eternal death.  If God threatens you with an infinite penalty for not doing what you have no power to do, then He is an infinitely wicked tyrant.  Therefore, this excuse charges God with infinite tyranny, and is not only insufficient for the sinner’s justification, but it also makes his sin even worse.

Let us change this situation a little.  Suppose God requires you to repent for not doing what you never had any natural ability to do.  You must either repent, then, of not doing what you had no natural power to do, or you must go to hell.  Now, you cannot repent of this, nor can He make you repent of it. What is repentance?  It is to blame yourself and justify God.  But, if you had no power, you can’t blame yourself or justify God.  It is naturally impossible for a rational being to blame himself for not doing what he knows he had no power to do.  Nor can you justify God.  Until the laws of everyone’s minds are reversed, the verdict of all intelligent beings must declare that it is infinitely wicked and tyrannical to require anything that is powerless to perform.

Suppose God required you to repent for not flying.  By what process can He make you blame yourself for not flying when you know that you have no wings and no power to fly?  If He could fool you into believing that you had the power and make you believe a lie, then you might repent.  But what sort of behavior is that for God to take with his creatures?

What do you mean, sinner, by using that kind of an excuse?  Do you mean that you want God to declare that you have never sinned?  You strangely contradict yourself, when you admit that you should repent, and in the next breath, you say have no power to repent.  You should stand your ground one way or the other.  If you seriously want to rely on this excuse, then come out with it in full, and take your stand before God and say, “Lord, I am not going to repent at all.  I am not under any obligation to repent, for I have no power to obey Your law.   Therefore I plead not guilty, because I have never sinned!”

Which of these ways can justify any one of you?  Will you, dare you rely on this excuse, and throw the blame back on God?

3. Another excuse which sinners offer for their continued unrepentance is their wicked heart.

This excuse is true, but it is not good enough.  The first two excuses that I mentioned were good if they were true, but they were false.  This excuse is true, but it is not an acceptable excuse.  What is a wicked heart?  A wicked heart does not refer to the bodily organ that we call our heart, but a wicked heart is the affection of our soul, our wicked disposition, feelings, thoughts, and intentions.  If these will justify you, they will also justify the devil.  Isn’t his heart as wicked as anybody’s heart?  Suppose you commit murder, and you stand before the judge with this excuse: “It is true,” you say, “that I killed the man, but then I have such a thirst for blood, and such a hatred of mankind, that I cannot help committing murder whenever I have an opportunity.”  “Horrible!” the judge would exclaim, “Horrible!  Let the gallows be set up immediately, and let this fellow be hung before I leave the bench; such a wretch should not live one hour.  Such a plea!  Why, that is the very reason why he should be hung.  If he has such a thirst for blood, than no one is safe.”  This is the sinner’s plea, that because he has a wicked heart, then he is justified in his sin.  “Out of your own mouth will I condemn you, you wicked servant.”  (See Matt 18:32-36, 24:48-52))

4. Another great excuse that people make is the conduct of Christians.

Ask any one of your neighbors why he or she is not religious, and most of them will immediately point to the conduct of Christians as his excuse.  “These Christians,” he will say, “are no better than anybody else.  When I see them practice what they preach, then I might attend to religion.”  Thus, he hides behind the sins of Christians.  His own words reveal that he knows how Christians should live, and therefore he cannot plead that he has sinned through ignorance.  But, what is the ground of justification?  I admit the fact, that Christians behave very badly, and do a lot that is completely contrary to their profession.  But is that a good excuse for you?  Just the opposite!  This is one of the strongest reasons why you should be religious.  You know so well how Christians should live, you should set an example.  If you had followed them ignorantly, because you did not know any better, and had fallen into sin in that way, it would be a different situation.  But the plea, as it stands, shows that you know they are wrong, which is the very reason why you should do right, and exert a better influence than they do.  Instead of following them and doing wrong because they do, you should separate yourselves from them, rebuke them, pray for them, and try to lead them to a better way.  This excuse, then, is true in fact, but it cannot be justified.  You only make it an excuse for charging God foolishly, and instead of clearing you, it only adds to your dreadful, damning guilt.  A fine excuse this is; to hide behind some deacon, or some elder in the church, and from there shoot your arrows of malice and accusations at God!

Who among you, then, can be justified by the law?  Who has kept the law?  Who has a good excuse for breaking the law?  Who dares to stand at the judgment seat of God with these excuses, and face his Maker with such apologies?

 

III. I will show what Gospel Justification is.

First, Negatively.

1. Gospel Justification is not the imputed righteousness of Jesus Christ.

Under the gospel, sinners are not justified by having the obedience of Jesus Christ credited to their account, as if He had obeyed the law in place of them.  It is a common error to believe that when sinners are justified under the gospel, they are seen as righteous in the eye of the law by having the obedience or righteousness of Christ imputed to them.  I don’t have the time to examine this subject now.  I can only say that this idea is absurd and impossible because Jesus Christ was required to obey the law for Himself, and could no more obey on our behalf, than anybody else can.  It was His duty to love the Lord His God, with all His heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love His neighbor as himself.  If He had not done so, He would have sinned.  The only work that He could perform on our behalf was to submit to the sufferings that were not deserved.  This is called His obedience unto death, and this is credited to our account.  But if His obedience of the law were credited to our account, why would we be called on to repent and obey the law ourselves?  Would not God exact double service, yes, triple service, first to have the law obeyed by Jesus who assumes the responsibility to obey for us, then have Jesus suffer the penalty for our disobedience, and then have us repent and obey God ourselves?  God never demands any such thing.  God does not require that the obedience of another should be credited to us.  All we owe is perpetual obedience to the law of love.  And for this there can be no substitute.  If we fail to do this, we must endure the penalty, or receive a free pardon.

2. Justification by faith does not mean that faith is accepted as a substitute for personal holiness, or that faith is credited to us instead of personal obedience to the law.

Some believe that justification is this: that God sets aside the need for personal holiness, arbitrarily does away with the requirement of the law, and gives us faith as a substitute.  However, this is not the way.  Faith is accounted for just what it is, and not for something that it is not.  Abraham’s faith was credited to him for righteousness, because his faith was itself an act of righteousness, and because his faith worked by love, his faith produced holiness.  Justifying faith is holiness, as far as it goes, and produces holiness of heart and life, and justifying faith is imputed to the believer as holiness, not instead of holiness.

3. Nor does justification by faith imply that a sinner is justified by faith without good works, or personal holiness.

Some believe that justification is by faith only, and it has nothing to do with good works or holiness.  They draw this conclusion from what Paul said, where he insisted on justification by faith so strongly.  But remember that Paul was opposing the error of the Jews who expected to be justified by obeying the law.  In opposition to this error, Paul insisted that justification is by faith, without works of the law.  He did not mean that good works are unnecessary for justification, but that works of law are not good works, because they spring from legal considerations, from hope and fear, and not from a faith that works by love.  After Paul wrote this, the false theory, that justification is only by faith, began creeping into the church.  Later, James took up this matter, and showed them that they had misunderstood Paul.  To show this, James looks at Abraham’s situation.  “Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?  Do you see that faith was working together with his works, and works made faith perfect?  And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, ‘Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.’  And he was called the friend of God.  You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.”  (James 2:21-24)  Many people thought that this epistle contradicted Paul, and some of the ancient churches rejected it for that reason.  However, they overlooked the fact that Paul was speaking about one kind of works, and James was speaking about another kind of works.  Paul was speaking of works performed from legal motives.  But, Paul always insisted that good works sprang from faith, or the righteousness of faith, and is indispensable to salvation.  All that he says is that works of law, or works based on legal motives have nothing to do with justification.  And James teaches the same thing when he teaches that men are justified, not by works nor by faith alone, but by faith together with the works that are based on faith; or as Paul says it, faith that works by love.  Please remember that I am talking about gospel justification, which is very different from legal justification.

Second, Positively.

4. Gospel justification, or justification by faith, consists in pardon and acceptance by God.

When we say that people are justified by faith and holiness, we do not mean that they are accepted on the ground of law, but that they are treated as if they were righteous because of their faith and works of faith.  This is how God justifies a sinner.  Faith is not the foundation of our justification.  The foundation of our justification is in Christ.  But the way sinners are pardoned, accepted, and justified, is that if they repent, believe, and become holy, their past sins shall be forgiven for the sake of Christ.

Justification under the gospel differs from justification under the law.  Justification under the law, or legal justification, is a declaration of actual innocence and freedom from blame.  Gospel justification is pardon and acceptance, as if a person was righteous, but on grounds other than his own obedience.  When the apostle says, “By works of the law shall no flesh be justified” (Gal 2:16), he uses the word ‘justification’ like a lawyer would use it, in a strictly legal sense.  However, when he speaks about justification by faith, he is not talking about legal justification, but about a person who is being treated as if he were righteous.

 

IV. The results of this method of justification; or the state into which it brings those who are justified.

1. When an individual is pardoned, the penalty of the law is released.  The first effect of a pardon is to set aside the execution of the penalty of the law.  The pardon admits that the penalty was deserved, but sets it aside.  Then, as far as punishment is concerned, the individual no longer has to fear the law.  It is just like he had never transgressed the law.  He is completely set free.  Those, then, who are justified by true faith, as soon as they are pardoned they no longer need to be influenced by fear or punishment.  The penalty is so effectively set aside, it is as if it had never existed.

2. A pardon removes all the liabilities incurred when the law was broken, such as forfeiting certain goods, or not being able to be a witness, or to hold any government office.  A real pardon removes all of these, and restores the individual back to where he was before he transgressed.  So, under the government of God, the pardoned sinner is restored to God’s favor.  He is brought back into a new relationship, and stands before God and is treated by God, as far as the law is concerned, as if he were innocent.  The pardon does not suppose or declare him truly innocent, but it restores him to the same state as if he were innocent.

3. Another operation of pardon under God’s government is that the individual is restored to sonship.  In other words, it brings him into such a relationship with God, that he is received and treated as truly a child of God.

Suppose the son of an earthly king had committed murder, and was convicted and condemned to die.  A pardon, then, would not only deliver him from death, but also restore him to his place in the family.  God’s children have all gone astray, and entered into the service of the devil; but the moment a pardon is issued to them, they are brought back; they receive a spirit of adoption, are sealed heirs of God, and restored to all the privileges of children of God.

4.Justification also secures all the grace that we need for God to rescue us out of the snare of the devil, and all the innumerable entanglements caused by sin.

Beloved, if God simply pardoned you, and then left you to work your way out of sin by yourselves, your pardon would be useless.  If a child runs away from his father’s house, wanders into a forest, and falls into a deep pit, and the father finds him and decides to save him.  If he only pardons him for running away, what good would that be if he doesn’t lift him up out of the pit and lead him out of the forest.  The same is true in God’s plan of redemption.  Whatever helps and aids that you need are all guaranteed if you believe.  If God undertakes to save you, He pledges all the light, grace, and help that are necessary to break the chains of Satan and the entanglements of sin, and lead you back to your Father’s house.

I know when individuals first break down under a sense of sin, and their hearts gush out with tenderness, they look over their past lives, they feel condemned, and they see that it is all wrong.  Then, they break down at God’s feet and give themselves up to Jesus Christ.  They rejoice greatly in the idea that they have dealt with sin.  But after a while they begin to feel the pressure of their old habits and former influences.  They see so much that needs to be done before they overcome them all, that they often get discouraged, and cry, “Oh, what shall I do, with so many enemies to meet, and so little strength of resolution or firmness of purpose to overcome them?”  Let me tell you, beloved, that if God has undertaken to save you, you have only to keep near to Him, and He will carry you through.  You don’t need to fear your enemies.  Though the heavens should thunder, the earth should rock, and the elements melt, you don’t have to tremble, or fear enemies without or within.  Because God is for you, who can be against you?  “Who is he who condemns?  It is Christ who died, and furthermore is also risen, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us.”  (Romans 8:34)

5. Justification enlists all the divine attributes in your favor, as much as if you had never sinned.

See that holy angel, sent on an errand of love to some distant part of the universe.  God’s eye follows him, and if He sees him in danger of being injured in any way, all of God’s attributes are enlisted at once to protect and sustain him.  Just as absolutely are they all pledged for you, if you are justified, to protect, support, and save you.  In spite of the fact that you are not free from the possibility of committing sin, and that you are so totally unworthy of God’s love, yet if you are truly justified, the only wise and eternal God is pledged for your salvation.  And shall you tremble and be faint-hearted with such support?

If a human government pardons a criminal, the government is then pledged to protect him as a subject, just as if he had never committed a crime.  The same is true when God justifies a sinner.  The apostle Paul says, “Being justified by faith, we have peace with God”.  (Romans 5:1)  From that time forward, God is on his side, and God pledges Himself as his faithful and eternal Friend.

Gospel justification differs from legal justification in this respect: If the law justifies an individual, it only lasts as long as the individual remains innocent.  As soon as he transgresses once, his former justification is no good.  But when the gospel justifies a sinner, it’s a little different.  But “if any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous”.  (I John 2:1)  A new and peculiar relationship is now established.  The sinner is now brought out from under the covenant of works, and placed under the covenant of grace.  He no longer retains God’s favor by the tenure of absolute and sinless obedience.  If he now sins, he is not thrust back again under the law, but receives the benefit of the new covenant.  If he is justified by faith; and is now a child of God, he receives the treatment of a child, and is corrected, chastised, humbled, and brought back again.  “The gifts and calling of God are without repentance.”  The meaning of this passage is not that God calls and saves the sinner without his repenting, but that God never changes His mind (repents) when once He undertakes the salvation of a soul.

I know many people think that this is a very dangerous doctrine, to teach that believers are perpetually justified, because they think it will encourage people to sin.  Indeed!  Imagine!  Telling someone who has truly repented of sin, heartily renounced sin, and sincerely desires to be free from sin that God will help him and certainly give him the victory over sin, will encourage him to commit sin!  What strange logic that is!  If this doctrine encourages anyone to commit sin, it only shows that he never did repent; that he never hated sin, and never loved God for His own sake, but only pretended to repent, and if he loved God it was only a selfish love, because he thought that God would do him some favors.  If he truly hated sin, the consideration that in spite of all his unworthiness, God had received him as a child and would treat him like a child is the very thing to break him down and melt his heart in the godliest sorrow.  Oh, how often has the child of God melted in adoring wonder at the goodness of God in using means to bring him back, instead of sending him to hell as he deserves!  What consideration is calculated to bring him lower in the dust than the thought that, in spite of everything that God had done for him and the gracious help God was always ready to give him, he should wander away again when his name was already written in the Lamb’s book of life!

6. Gospel justification secures the discipline of the covenant.  God has pledged Himself that if any who belong to Christ go astray, He will use the discipline of the covenant, and bring them back.  In the 89th psalm, God says, putting David for Christ, “If his sons forsake My law And do not walk in My judgments, if they break My statutes And do not keep My commandments, then I will visit their transgression with the rod, And their iniquity with stripes.  Nevertheless, My loving kindness I will not utterly take from him, Nor allow My faithfulness to fail.  My covenant I will not break, nor alter the word that has gone out of My lips.”

And so, you see that professing Christians may always expect to be more readily visited with God’s judgments if they stray from that narrow path, than the impenitent would be if they strayed.  The sinner may grow fat, and live in riches, and die comfortably, all according to God’s established principles of government.  But let a child of God forsake his God, and go after riches or any other worldly object, and as certain as he is a child, God will smite him with His rod.  And when he is smitten and brought back, he will say with the Psalmist, “It is good for me that I have been afflicted, That I may learn Your statutes.  Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I keep Your word.”  (Psalms 119:71,67)  Perhaps some of you have known what it means to be afflicted in this way, and to feel that it was good.

7. Another effect of gospel justification is to insure sanctification.  Gospel justification not only insures all the means of sanctification, but it insures the actual accomplishment of the work, so that the individual, who is truly converted, will surely persevere in obedience until he is prepared for heaven and actually saved.

 

V. This is justification by faith.

Faith is the medium by which the blessing is conveyed to the believer.  The proof of this is in the Bible.  Our passage today clearly says, “knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified”.  (Gal 2:16)  Justification by faith is mentioned too often in the New Testament to need a detailed proof.  It is clear from this passage, that if men are saved at all, they must be justified in this way, and not by works of law, for “by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.”

 

VI. I will now answer several questions that some of you may have concerning this subject.

1. “Why is justification said to be by faith, rather than by repentance, or love, or any other grace.”

Answer.  It is nowhere said that people are justified or saved by faith as the ground of their pardon, but only that they are justified by faith as the medium or instrument of their pardon.  Faith is chosen as the instrument, rather than any other exercise of our mind because of the nature and effect of faith.  No other exercise of our mind could be used.  What is faith?  Faith is that confidence in God which leads us to love and obey Him.  We are therefore justified by faith because we are sanctified by faith.  Faith is the appointed instrument of our justification, because it is the natural instrument of our sanctification.  It is the instrument of bringing us back into obedience, and therefore faith is designated as the means to obtain all the blessings of that return.  Faith is not credited to us by some kind arbitrary act for what it is not, but for what it is as the foundation of all our real obedience to God.  This is the reason why faith is made the medium through which pardon comes.  It is simply set down to us for what it really is; because faith first leads us to obey God, from a principle of love to God.  Our sins are forgiven because of Christ.  It is our duty to repent and obey God, and when we do so, this is credited to us as what it is, holiness, or obedience to God.  However, for the forgiveness of our past sins, we must rely on Christ.  Therefore, justification is said to be by faith in Jesus Christ.

2. The second question is very important “What is justifying faith?  What must I believe, in order to be saved?”

Answer.  (1) Negatively, justifying faith does not consist in believing that your sins are forgiven.  If that were necessary, you would have to believe your sins are forgiven before you commit them.  That means you would have to believe a lie.  Remember, your sins are not forgiven until you believe.  But if saving faith is believing that your sins are already forgiven, it is believing something before it takes place, which is absurd.  You cannot believe your sins are forgiven before you have evidence that they are forgiven; and you cannot have evidence that they are forgiven until it is true that they are forgiven, and they cannot be forgiven until you exercise saving faith.  Therefore saving faith must be believing in something other than that your sins are forgiven.

(2)  Nor does saving faith consist in believing that you shall be saved at all.  You have no right to believe that you shall be saved at all, until after you have exercised justifying or saving faith.

But (3), justifying faith consists in believing the atonement of Christ, or believing the record which God has given of His Son.

Some doubt that this definition is correct; and I confess my own mind has undergone a change on this point.  The Bible says that Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.  (Gal 3:1; James 2:23)  But what did Abraham believe?  He believed that he should have a son.  Was this all?  By no means!  But his faith included the great blessing that depended on that event, that the Messiah, the Savior of the world, should spring from him.  This was the great subject of the Abrahamic covenant, and it depended on his having a son.  Of course, Abraham’s faith included the “Desire of all nations”, and that was faith in Christ.  (Haggai 2:7)  The apostle Paul showed in the 3d chapter of Galatians, that the sum of the covenant was, “In you all nations shall be blessed.”  (v. 8).  In verse 16, he says, “knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified.”

Some people say that not all the saints mentioned in the 11th chapter of Hebrews believed in Christ.  But if you look at this chapter carefully, you will find that in every situation, faith in Christ is either included in what they believed, or implied by it.  Take the situation of Abel.  “By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts; and through it he being dead still speaks.”  (Hebrews 11:4)  Why was his sacrifice more excellent?  Because, by offering the firstlings of his flock, he recognized the need for the atonement, and that “without the shedding of blood there is no remission of sin.”  (Hebrews 9:22)  Cain was a proud infidel, and offered the fruits of the ground, as a mere thank offering, for the blessings of Providence, without any admission that he was a sinner and needed an atonement as the ground on which he could hope for pardon.

Some believe that an individual could exercise justifying faith while denying the divinity and atonement of Jesus Christ.  I deny this.  The whole sum and substance of revelation, like converging rays, all center on Jesus Christ, His divinity, and atonement.  All that the prophets and other writers of the Old Testament say about salvation points to Him.  All the Old and New Testament types and shadows point to Him.  All the Old Testament saints were saved by faith in Him.  Their faith terminated in the coming Messiah, just like the faith of the New Testament saints terminated in the Messiah who had already come.  In the 15th chapter of 1 Corinthians, the apostle Paul shows what place he would assign to this doctrine: “For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures.”  Please notice that phrase, “first of all”.  It proves that Paul preached that Christ died for sinners as the “first” or primary doctrine of the gospel.  Therefore, you will find from one end of the Bible to the other, that the attention of men was directed to this new and living way as the only way of salvation.  This truth is the only truth that can sanctify men.  They may believe a thousand other things, but this is the great source of sanctification, “God in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself”.  (II Cor 5:19)  Therefore, only this can be justifying faith.

Many other acts of faith may be right and acceptable to God.  But, only believing the record that God has given of His Son is justifying faith.  Simply believing what God has revealed on any point, is an act of faith; but justifying faith fastens on Christ; it takes hold of His atonement, and it embraces Him as the only ground of our pardon and salvation.  There may be faith in prayer, the faith that is exercised when offering up prevailing prayers to God.  But that is not justifying faith.

3. When are men justified?”

This is also a popular question.  I answer:  Just as soon as they believe in Christ with the faith that works by love.  Sinner, you don’t have to go home from this meeting tonight under the wrath of Almighty God.  You may be justified here, on the spot, right now, if you will only believe in Christ.  Your pardon is ready, made out and sealed with the broad seal of heaven; and signed by Almighty God, and the gracious pardon delivered as soon as, by one act of faith, you receive Jesus Christ as He is offered in the gospel.

4. “How can I know whether I am in a state of justification or not?”

Answer.  The only way you can know it is by hints or suggestions.  God has not specifically revealed it in the scriptures, that you, or anyone else, are justified; but he has set down the characteristics of a justified person, and declared that all who have these characteristics are justified.

(1.) Do you have the witness of the Holy Spirit?  All who are justified have this.  They have fellowship with the Holy Ghost.  The Holy Spirit explains the Scriptures to them, and leads them to see their meaning.  He leads them to the Son and to the Father, and reveals the Son in them, and reveals the Father.  Do you have this?  If you have, you are justified.  If not, you are yet in your sins.

(2.) Do you have the fruits of the Spirit?  They are love, joy, peace, and so on.  (See Gal 5:22-23)  These are matters of human consciousness.  Do you have them?  If so, you are justified.

(3.) Do you have peace with God?  The apostle says, “Being justified by faith, we have peace with God”.  (Romans 5:1)  Christ says to his disciples, “Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.”  (John 14:27)  And again, “Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.”  (Matt 11:28)  Do you find rest in Christ?  Is your peace like a river, flowing gently through your soul, and filling you with calm and heavenly delight?  Or, do you still feel a sense of condemnation before God?

Do you feel a sense of acceptance with God, of pardoned sin, of communion with God?  This must be a matter of experience, if it exists.  Don’t imagine that you can be in a justified state and have no evidence of it.  You may have great peace filling your soul, and yet not conclude that you are justified.  I remember the time when my mind was in a state of such sweet peace that it seemed to me as if all nature was listening for God to speak; but yet I did not really know if this was the peace of God, or if it was evidence that I was in a justified state.  I thought I had lost all my conviction, and actually tried to bring back the sense of condemnation that I had before.  I did not conclude that I was justified, until after the love of God was so shed abroad in my soul by the Holy Ghost, that I was compelled to cry out, “Lord, it is enough, I can bear no more.”  I do not believe it is possible for the sense of condemnation to remain, when the act of pardon is already past.

(4.) Do you have the spirit of adoption?  If you are justified, you are also adopted as one of God’s dear children, and He has sent forth His Spirit into your heart, so that you naturally cry, “Abba, Father!”  He seems to you just like a Father, and you want to call Him Father.  Do you know what I am talking about?  It is one thing to call God your Father in heaven, and another thing to feel towards Him as a Father.  This is one evidence of a justified state, when God gives you the spirit of adoption.

 

REMARKS.

I. I would go around to all of you who are listening to me tonight, and ask you one by one, “Are you in a state of justification?  Do you honestly think you are justified?”

I have briefly covered this subject, and I have showed you what justification is not, and what it is.  I have showed you how you can be saved, and the evidences of justification.  Do you have evidence that you are saved?  Would you dare to die now?  Suppose the loud thunders of the last trumpet were to shake the universe right now, and you should see the Son of God coming in judgment.  Are you ready?  Could you look up calmly and say, “Father, this is a solemn sight, but Christ has died, and God has justified me, and who is he that shall condemn me?”

II. If you think you ever were justified, and yet you do not currently have the evidence of it, I want to ask you a question.  Are you under the discipline of God’s covenant?  If not, do you have any reason to believe you were ever justified?  God’s covenant with you, if you belong to Christ, is this:  “If they backslide, I will visit their iniquity with the rod, and chasten them with stripes”.  Do you feel the stripes?  Is God awakening your mind, and convicting your conscience, that He is smiting you?  If not, where are the evidences that He is dealing with you as a son?  If you are not walking with God, and at the same time are not under chastisement, you cannot have any good reason to believe you are God’s children.

III. Those of you who have evidence that you are justified should maintain your relationship with God, and live up to your real privileges.  This is very important.  There is no virtue in being distrustful and unbelieving.  It is important to your growth in grace.  One reason why many Christians do not grow in grace is, that they are afraid to claim the privileges of God’s children that belong to them.  Believe me, beloved; this is no virtuous humility, it is criminal unbelief.  If you have the evidence that you are justified, take advantage of it to press forward to holiness of heart, come to God with all the boldness that an angel would, and know how near you are to Him.  It is your duty to do so.  Why should you hold back?  Why are you afraid to recognize the covenant of grace in its full extent?  Here are the provisions of your Father's house, all ready and free; and are you converted and justified, and restored to His favor, and yet are you afraid to sit down at your Father's table?  Do not plead that you are so unworthy.  That is nothing but self-righteousness and unbelief.  True, you are unworthy.  But if you are justified, that is no longer an obstacle.  It is now your duty to receive those promises that belong to you.  Take any promise that you can find in the Bible, that applies, and take it to your Father, and plead it before Him, believing.  Do you think He will deny what He has promised you?  These exceeding great and precious promises were given to you for this very purpose, that you may become a partaker of the divine nature.  Why then should you doubt?  Come along, beloved, come up to the privileges that belong to you, and take hold of the love, peace, and joy offered to you in this holy gospel.

IV. If you are not in a state of justification, no matter how much you have done, and prayed, and suffered, you are nothing.  If you have not believed in Christ, if you have not received and trusted in Him as He is presented in the gospel, you are yet in a state of condemnation and wrath.  You may have been, for weeks and months, and even for years, groaning in distress, but in spite of all of that, you are still in the gall of bitterness.  Here you see the line drawn; the moment you cross that line, you are in a state of justification.

Dear listener, are you now in a state of wrath?  Believe in Christ right now.  All your waiting and groaning will not bring you any closer.  Do you say you want more conviction?  I tell you to come to Christ now.  Do you say you must wait until you have prayed more?  What is the use of praying in unbelief?  Will the prayers of a condemned rebel avail?  Do you say you are so unworthy?  But Christ died for just a person as you.  He comes right to where you are sitting at right now.  Where do you sit?  Where is that individual I am speaking to?  Sinner, you don’t need to wait.  You don’t need to go home in your sins, with a heavy load on your heart.  Today is your day of salvation.  Hear the word of God: “that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved”. (Romans 10:9)

Do you say, “What must I believe?”  Believe just what God says of His Son.  Believe any of those great fundamental truths that God has revealed concerning the way of salvation, and rest your soul on it, and you shall be saved.  Will you now trust Jesus Christ to dispose of you?  Do you have confidence enough in Christ to trust yourself to Him to dispose of your body and your soul for time and eternity?  Can you say  “Here, Lord, I give myself away; that’s all I can do?”

Perhaps you are trying to pray yourself out of your difficulties before coming to Christ.  Sinner, it will do no good.  Now, throw yourself down at His feet, and leave your soul in His hands.  Say to Him, “Lord, I give myself to You, with all my powers of body and of mind; use me and dispose of me as You see fit, for Your own glory.  I know You will do right, and that is all I desire.”  Will you do it?