LEGAL RELIGION

Lectures To Professing Christians Lecture VI. 1836

by the Rev. CHARLES G. FINNEY

Modernized by Cliff Collins

TEXT:-- “Who is on the Lord's side?” (Ex 32:26)

Last Friday evening, you will remember, that in discussing this passage, I mentioned three groups of professing Christians; 1) those who truly love God and man, 2) those who are motivated solely by selfishness or at most by self-love in their religious duties, and 3) those who are motivated only by a regard for public opinion.  I also mentioned several characteristics that identify the first group.  This evening I intend to mention several characteristics of the second group, those professing Christians who are motivated by self-love or by selfishness.

 

I will show how their leading or their main purpose in religion manifests itself in their conduct.  The conduct, or behavior, of people eventually reveals what is their true and main purpose or goal in life.  A person's character reflects his supreme purpose in life.  And if you can learn from his conduct what his main purpose is, then you can know with certainty what his character is.  And I believe we can know this if we will honestly and thoroughly observe their behavior.

 

These three groups of professing Christians agree in many things, and it would be impossible to discriminate between them by observing only these things.  But there are certain areas where they differ, and by closely watching them, you will notice the difference between the two in their conduct.  From this, we can determine the difference in their character.  And those points that they differ on belong to the very fundamentals of religion.

 

Let me mention some of the characteristics of this second group; those who are motivated in religion by self-love, or by selfishness, in whom hope and fear are the foundation of all they do in religion.  The things that I will mention are such, that when you see them, it will become clear to you that the individual is motivated by a supreme regard for his own good, and that the fear of evil, or the hope of gaining some kind of advantage for himself; is the foundation of everything he says and does.

 

1. These professing Cheristians make religion a subordinate concern.

 

They show by their conduct that they do not regard religion as their principal business of life, but their religion is subordinate to other things.  They consider religion as something that should come in and find its place among other things, as a sort of Sunday business, or something to be confined to the prayer closet, family prayer time, and the Sabbath, and not as their primary purpose of life.  They make a distinction between religious duty and business, and consider those two things as completely separate concerns.  However, if they had right views of the matter, they would consider religion as the only business of life, and nothing else is either right or worth pursuing any further than it promotes or serves religion.  If they had the right feeling, religion would characterize everything they do, and we would see that everything they do is an act of obedience to God.

 

2. Their religious duties are performed as a task, and are not the result of the constraining love of God that burns within them.

 

They do not delight in exercising religious affections, like fellowshipping with God.  They are not intimate with God.  Prayer is a task.  It is a chore or a duty.  They take on religious duties like sick people take medicine; not because they love it, but because they hope to benefit from it.

 

Let me ask you tonight, do you enjoy religious activities, or do you perform your religious activities because you hope to benefit from them?  Be honest, now, answer this question truthfully, and see where you stand.

 

3. These professing Christians manifest a legal spirit, and not a gospel spirit.

 

Everything they do in religion is because they feel that they have to do those things, rather than because they love to do them.  They have an eye focused the commands of God, and yield obedience to His requirements in performing religious duties, but they do not engage in those things because they love them.  They are always ready to ask what they should do, not so much so they can do good, but so they can be saved.  This subtle difference in behavior is enough to separate the convinced sinner from a true convert.  The convinced sinner asks, “What must I do to be saved?”  The true convert asks, “Lord, what will you have me do?”  So this group of professing Christians are constantly asking, “What must I do to get to heaven?” and not “What can I do to get other people into the Kingdom?”  The principal object of such a professing Christian is not to save the world, but to save himself.

 

4. It is fear, rather than hope, that motivates these professing Christians.

 

They perform their religious duties mainly because they are afraid not to.  They go to the communion table, not because they love to meet Christ, or because they love to commune with their brethren, but because they are afraid to stay away.  They fear the strong disapproval and the harsh criticism of the church, or they are afraid they shall be damned if they neglect to go.  They perform their closet duties not because they enjoy communion with God, but because they are afraid to neglect them.  They have the spirit of slaves, and they go about serving God, as slaves go about serving their master, feeling that if they don’t do a certain amount of work, they will be beaten with many stripes.  Therefore, these professing Christians feel as if they must have a certain amount of religion, and perform a certain amount of religious duties, or be lashed by their conscience and lose their hope of heaven.  Therefore, they go through life, painfully and laboriously, performing a certain amount of religious duties each year, and they call that their religion!

 

5. Their religion is not only produced by the fear of disgrace or the fear of hell, but their religion is mostly negative.

 

These professing Christians usually satisfy themselves by doing nothing that is very bad.  Having no spiritual views, they regard the law of God chiefly as a system of do’s and don’ts designed to guard men from certain sins, and not a benevolent system fulfilled by love.  And so, if they are moral in their conduct, and tolerably serious and decent in their general activities; and if they perform what they feel are the required amount of religious exercises, they are satisfied.  Their conscience harasses them, not so much about sins of omission as sins of commission.  They make a distinction between neglecting to do what God positively requires, and doing what He positively forbids.  The most you can say about these people is that they are not very bad.  They seem to think little or nothing about being useful to the cause of Christ, as long as they can’t be convicted of any positive transgression.

 

6. These people are more or less strict in religious duties, according to the light they have and the sharpness with which their conscience pursues them.

 

Where they have enlightened minds and tender consciences, you often find that they are the strictest of all professing Christians.  They tithe regularly and faithfully.  They are stiff, even gloomy.  They are perfect Pharisees, and carry everything to the greatest extremes, as far as outward strictness is concerned.

 

7. These professing Christians are more or less miserable in proportion to the tenderness of their conscience.

 

With all their strictness, they cannot but sense that they are great sinners after all; and having no just sense of gospel justification, this leaves them very unhappy.  And the more enlightened and tender their conscience is, the unhappier they are.  Notwithstanding their strictness, they feel that they fall short of their duty, and since they don’t have any gospel faith, or any of that holy anointing of the Holy Spirit that brings peace to the soul, they are unsatisfied, uneasy, and miserable.

 

Perhaps many of you have seen such people.  Perhaps some of you are just like this, and you have never known what it is like to feel justified before God through the blood of Jesus Christ, and you do not know what it feels like to have Jesus Christ accept and own you as His.  You have never experienced what this passage is talking about: “There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.”  (Rom 8:1)  Does this passage stir up any warm and practical ideas in you?  Is this passage a reality because you experience it in your soul?  Or do you, after all, still feel condemned and guilty, and have no sense of pardoned sin and no experiential peace with God or confidence in Jesus Christ?

 

9. These people are encouraged and cheered by reading the accounts of ancient saints who fell into great sins.

 

They feel wonderfully instructed and edified when they hear about the sins of God's people set forth in a strong light.  It is because they are comforted and their hopes are wonderfully strengthened.  Instead of feeling humbled and distressed, instead of feeling that such conduct is so contrary to all religion that they can hardly believe they were saints if it wasn’t in the Bible, instead of wondering how people who do such things under the light of the Christian dispensation could be saints, they feel gratified and strengthened and their hopes are confirmed by all these things.  I once knew a man, an elder too, who was brought before the church for the crime of adultery, and he actually excused himself using this plea.  He did not know, he said, why he should be expected to be better than David, the man after God's own heart.

 

10. The lower the standard of piety going out from the pulpit, the happier these professing Christians are.

 

If the minister adopts a low standard, and assumes that practically everybody he preaches to is a Christian, they are pleased, and they compliment him for the way he preaches “in love”, and they praise him as an excellent man, saying things like “he’s so charitable”.  It is easy to see why these professing Christians are pleased with such a demonstration of Christianity.  It supports their purpose.  It helps them maintain what they call a “comfortable hope” in spite of the fact that they do so little for God.  Right over against this, you will see, is the conduct of the person whose main purpose is to rid the world of sin.  That person wants everyone to be holy, and therefore he wants to have the true standard of holiness held up.  He wants everybody saved, but he knows they cannot be saved unless they are truly holy.  And he would just as easily think of Satan going to heaven as of getting someone there by frittering away the Bible standard of holiness by preaching “in love”.

 

11. These Christians, who are motivated by selfishness in their religious duties, are fond of having comfortable doctrines preached.

 

Such people usually enjoy having the doctrine of the saints' perseverance and the doctrine of election preached often.  Often, they only want to hear about the doctrines of grace.  And if they can be preached to in such an abstract way that it gives them comfort without bothering their consciences too much, then they are fed.

 

12. These professing Christians love to have their minister preach sermons to feed Christians.

 

Their main goal is not to save sinners, but to be saved themselves, and therefore they always choose a minister, not for his ability to preach to convert sinners, but for his talents in feeding the church with mere abstract teachings.

 

13. These people place a lot of importance on having a comfortable hope.

 

You will hear them talking very seriously about the importance of having a comfortable hope.  If they can only enjoy their minds, they don’t really care if anybody else around them is saved or not.  If they can only have their fears silenced and their hopes cherished, they have enough religion to satisfy them.

 

Right over against this, you will find the true friends of God and man mainly thinking of something else.  They are trying to pull sinners out of the fire, and they don’t waste their energy in sustaining a comfortable hope for themselves.

 

In their prayers, you will find that the people I am talking about mainly pray that the evidences of their salvation may be increased, that they may feel assured that they are going to heaven, and that they may know that God accepts them.  Their goal in life is to secure their hopes, and so they pray that their evidences may be increased, instead of praying that their faith may be strengthened, and that their souls be filled with the Holy Ghost to pull sinners out of the fire.

 

14. These “so called” Christians live very much in their own frame of mind.

 

They place a lot of importance on the particular emotions that they have from time to time.  If at any time they have some highly worked up feelings of a religious nature, they dwell on them, and they make this evidence last a long time.  One such season of excitement will prop up their hopes as long as they can remember the experience later.  It doesn’t matter if they are not doing anything now, and they know that they are not doing anything out of love for God right now, but they remember the time when they had that particular feeling, and they use that experience to keep their hopes alive.  If there has been a revival, and they mingled in its atmosphere until their imagination had been worked up to the point that they could weep, pray, and exhort with deep feelings during the revival, and these feelings lasted a long time, then they will have a comfortable hope for years on the strength of it.  Although, the revival is long gone, they do nothing to promote religion, and their hearts are as hard as cement.  Yet, all the time, they have a very comfortable hope, patiently waiting for a revival to come and give them another round of excitement.

 

Are any of you here today, propping yourselves up by your past frame of mind and feelings, leaning on evidences, not from what you are now doing but something that you experienced last year, or years ago?  Let me tell you, that if you are living on past experiences, you will find that your past experiences will fail when you come to need them.

 

15. These professing Christians pray almost exclusively for themselves.

 

If you could listen at the door of their prayer closets, you would hear eight-tenths of all their petitions going up for themselves.  This shows how much they value their own salvation in comparison with the salvation of others.  It is eight to two in favor of self.  And if they pray in meetings, very often it will be for the same thing.  You would not conclude, from their prayers, that they knew of one sinner here on earth traveling the road to hell.  They pray for themselves just as they do in their prayer closet, only they include the rest of the church with them by saying “we”, instead of “I”.

 

16. Such professing Christians pray to be prepared for death much more than they pray to be prepared to live a useful life.

 

They are more anxious to be prepared to die, than to be prepared to save sinners around them.  If they ask for the Spirit of God, they want the Holy Spirit to prepare them for death.  But this isn’t how the Psalmist prayed.  “Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners shall be converted to You.”  How many of you are like this Psalmist?  Is this how you pray?  An individual who makes it his great absorbing goal to do good and save sinners, would be likely to focus on how he could do the most good while he is alive rather than thinking about when, where, or how he will die.  As far as his death is concerned, he leaves all of that to God; and he is not afraid to leave it all with Him.  He has long ago given his soul up to Him, and now the great question with Him is not, “when, or how, shall I die?” but “how shall I live so I can honor God?”

 

17. These ‘so called’ Christians are more afraid of punishment than they are of sin.

 

Now, the true friends of God and man are more afraid of sin than of punishment.  They don’t ask, “if I do this, will I be punished?” or “if I do this, will God forgive me?”  But they ask the same question that Joseph asked, “How can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?”  That’s the spirit of a child of God; afraid of sin more than of punishment.  Joseph was afraid of sin so much that he didn’t even think about punishment.

 

These professing Christians often indulge in sin if they can persuade themselves that God will forgive them, or when they think that they can repent of it afterwards.  They often reason this way: “my minister does this”, or “I know elders and other professing Christians are doing that, so why can’t I do the same thing?”  There was a church member that used to attend a Sunday school class; but because others did not attend the class, the individual reasoned, “Why should I do it any more than they?”  Therefore, he stopped attending.  That is a good description of the spirit of these professing Christians.  “Others get along without doing that, and why should I trouble myself to be better than they?”  It is not sin that they fear, but punishment.  They sin.  They know they sin.  But they hope to escape the punishment.  Who cannot see that this is contrary to the spirit of the true friends of God, whose absorbing goal it is to remove sin, and all sin, out of the world?  Such people are not half as afraid of hell as they are of committing sin.

 

18. These selfish churchgoers feel and manifest greater anxiety about being saved themselves, than if the entire world was going to hell.

 

Such a professing Christian, if his hope begins to fail, wants everybody in the church pray for him, and he makes a big fuss, but he never thinks of doing anything for the sinners around him, who are certainly on the road to hell.  He shows that his mind is absorbed in himself, and that his main purpose is not to see how much good he can do.

 

19. These people would rather receive good than do good.

 

Such people do not have the spirit of the gospel.  They have never entered into the spirit of Jesus Christ, when He said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”  (Acts 20:35)  Those people, who are motivated by true love to God and their neighbors, enjoy everything they do to benefit others far more than those who receive good from Him do.  They love unselfishly, and it satisfies them to show kindness because their heart is set on it, and when they can do it, a holy joy flows over their mind, and they enjoy it exquisitely.

 

The other group is more eager to receive than to give.  They want to receive instruction more than to impart it.  They want to receive comfort, but are never ready to deny themselves to give the comforts of the gospel to others.  It is easy to see how this is contrary to the diffusive spirit of the gospel.  The Spirit of the gospel finds its supreme happiness in communicating happiness to others.  But these people want everyone to contribute happiness to them, instead of pouring themselves out to bless others.

 

Who does not know these two types of professing Christians?  One is always seeking out people to do good to, the other is always trying to gain good for themselves.  One is anxious to communicate, the other is anxious to receive.  One wants to do good, the other wants to receive good.  These two groups of professing Christians are just as opposite as light and darkness.

 

20. If these people are led to pray for the conversion and salvation of others, you will observe that they are motivated by the same kind of considerations as they are when they pray for themselves.

 

They are seriously afraid of hell, and when they are strongly convicted, they are afraid others will go there too.  They are seeking happiness for themselves, and when self is not in the way, they seek happiness for others.  They pray for sinners, not because they have a strong sense of the evil of the sin that sinners are committing, but because they have a sense of the terrors of hell to which sinners are going.  It is not because sinners dishonor God that they want them converted, but because they are in danger of going to hell.  Their great goal in praying is to secure the safety of those they pray for, because it is their great goal in religion to secure their own safety.  Because they pity themselves, they pity others.  If there were no danger of hell, they would have no motive to pray either for themselves or others.

 

The true friends of God and man feel compassion for sinners too, but they feel much more for the honor of God.  They are more distressed to see God abused and dishonored than to see sinners go to hell.  And if God must be forever dishonored or men go to hell, just as certainly as they love God supremely, they will decide that sinners should sink to endless torments rather than God never receiving His due honor.  And these friends of God demonstrate their true feelings in their prayers.  You hear them praying for sinners as rebels against God, as guilty criminals deserving eternal wrath, as the enemies of God and the universe.  While they are full of compassion for sinners, they also feel the heat of holy indignation against those sinners for their conduct towards the blessed God.

 

21. These professing Christians tend to be distressed with doubts.

 

They tend to talk a great deal about their doubts.  Discussing their doubts takes up a large portion of their lives.  An important thing for them is to enjoy a comfortable hope.  As soon as they begin to doubt, their hope fades, and so they fuss a lot about their doubts, and then they are not prepared to do anything for religion because they have these doubts.  The true friends of God and man, because they are engaged in doing good, if the devil at anytime suggests that they are going to hell, the first answer they think of is, “What if I should?  Only let me pull sinners out of the fire while I can.”  True Christians may have doubts.  But they are less likely to have them, by how much more they are fully bent on saving sinners.  It would be very hard for Satan to gain control of a church that is too engaged in the work to be troubled with doubts.  Their attention is not on doubts, but on doing good and, because of this, Satan cannot get the advantage over them.

 

22. These people become very uneasy at increasing calls for self-denial to do good.

 

Said an individual, “What will this Temperance Reformation come to?  At first, they only went against hard liquor, and I gave that up, and I did very well without it.  Then they called on us to give up wine, and now, they want us to give up our tea, coffee, and tobacco.  Where will it end?”  These people are in constant distress at being called on to give up so much.  The good that results from this self-sacrifice does not enter into their thoughts, because they spend their time dwelling on what they have to give up.

 

You can easily see why these aggressive movements on the kingdom of darkness distress those people.  Their goal was never to search out and banish from this world everything that is dishonorable to God or harmful to the human race.  They never became religious with the idea that they should help wipe out every harmful thing from the face of the earth, as far as they had the power, and as fast as they were convinced that it was harmful to their souls or bodies, or the souls or bodies of others.  Therefore, the movements of those who are truly engaged to search out and clear away every evil distresses them.

 

These people are annoyed by the constant pleas to give to missions, to help buy Bibles, tracts, and things like that.  The time was, when if a rich man gave a week’s wages a year to such things, he was thought to be doing pretty well.  (Note: written in 1836)  Now, there are so many calls for subscriptions and contributions that they are in torment all the time.  “I don't like these contributions, I am opposed to having contributions taken up in the congregation.  I think they hurt.”  They are especially angry with those agents who take up those collections.  “I don't know about these beggars that are going about asking for money.”  These “so-called” Christians feel like they must give all the time in order to maintain their character, or to have any hope, but they are highly distressed about it, and don't know what the world is coming to, everything is in such a mess.

 

As you raise the general standard of living in the church, these people have to raise their standards or else their hopes will be shaken.  And the common standard of professing Christians has already been raised so much; that I have no doubt it now costs these professing Christians four times as much of what they call religion, to keep up a hope, as it did twenty years ago.  And what will become of them, if there are even more new movements and measures, and so much that needs to be done to save the world?  Lord help them, for they are in great distress!

 

23. When they are called on to exercise self-denial for the sake of doing good, instead of being a pleasant thing, it gives them unmingled pain.

 

These people, who claim they are Christians, don’t know anything about enjoying self-denial.  They cannot understand how self-denial is pleasant, or how anybody can enjoy it, or how anyone can have joyful heart while denying himself for the sake of doing good to others. He sees it as a religious height that he has never reached.  Yet the true friend of God and man, whose heart is fully determined to do good, never enjoys any money he spends as much as the money that he gives to promote Christ's kingdom.  If he is truly pious, he knows that is the best way he can spend his money.  In fact, he is sad when he has to use his money for something else, when there are so many opportunities to do good with it.

 

I want you who are here today to look at this.  It is easy to see that if an individual has his heart really set on something, every penny he can save for that object makes him happy.  The more he can save for promoting his hearts desire by reducing his spending on other objects, the happier he becomes.  If an individual finds it hard for him to give money for religious objects, it is easy to see that his heart is not in it.  If it were, he would give his money with joy.  What would you think of a man who should oppose giving money to advance Christianity, and oppose all the excitement over the Church’s missionary cause, and oppose so many collections taken up for missionaries, when he had never even given five dollars?  It would prove that his heart was not truly set on the cause of Christ.  If it were, he would give money for it, as free as water.  And the more he could spare for it, the happier he would be.

 

24. These people are not forward in promoting revivals.

 

This is not their great goal.  They always have to be dragged into the work.  When a revival has begun, and goes on, and the excitement is great, then they come in and appear to be engaged in it.  But you never see them taking the lead, or striking out ahead of the rest, and saying to the rest of the brethren, “Come on, let us do something for the Lord”.

 

25. As a matter of fact, they do not convert sinners to God.

 

They may be instrumental in doing good in many ways.  Satan can be an instrument of good.  But, generally, they do not pull sinners out of the fire.  And the reason is, that this is not their hearts desire.  How is it with you?  Are you successful in converting sinners?  Is there any one who will look to you as the instrument of his conversion?  If you were truly desire the salvation of sinners, you could not rest satisfied without doing it.  You would go about it earnestly, and with agonizing prayer.

 

26. These people aren’t even distressed when they see sin.

 

They do not rebuke it.  They love to mingle in places where sin is committed.  They love to be where they can hear vain conversations, and even join in on them.  They love worldly company and worldly books.  Their spirit is worldly.  Instead of hating even the garment spotted with the flesh, they love to hang around the confines of sin, as if they had satisfaction in it.

 

27. They take very little interest in published accounts of things like revivals and missions.

 

If any of the missions are suffering, they don’t know or care about it.  If missions prosper, they never know it.  They take no interest in it.  Very likely, they do not receive or buy any religious paper whatever.  Or if they do, when they sit down to read it, if they come to an article about a revival, they pass it over to read the secular news, or something controversial, or something else.  The true friends of God and man, however, love to learn about the progress of revivals.  They love to read a religious paper, and when they take it up, the first thing they do is to run their eye over it to find where there are revivals, and there they feast their souls and give glory to God.  The same is true with missions.  Their heart goes forth with the missionaries, and when they hear that the Lord has poured forth His Spirit on the mission field, they feel the thrill of holy joy flow through them.

 

28. These professing Christians do not aim at anything higher than a legal, painful, negative religion.

 

The love of Christ does not constrain them to a constant warfare against sin, and a constant watch to do all the good that is in their power.  But what they do is done only because they think they have to do it.  And they maintain a kind of piety that is formal, heartless, and worthless.

 

29. They come reluctantly into all the special movements that the church sponsors to do good.

 

If an extended meeting is proposed, you will generally find these people holding back, raising objections, and making things difficult as long as they can.  If any other special effort is proposed, they come reluctantly.  They prefer the good old way.  They feel sore at being obliged to add so much every year to their religion in order to maintain their hope.

 

30. These professing Christians do not enjoy secret prayer.

 

They do not pray in their closets because they love to pray, but because they think it is their duty and they are afraid to neglect it.

 

31. They do not enjoy the Bible

 

They do not read the Bible because it is sweet to their souls, sweeter than honey or the honeycomb.  They do not enjoy reading the Bible as a person enjoys the most exquisite delights.  They read it because it is their duty to read it, and it would not do to claim to be a Christian and not read the Bible, but in fact they find it dry and boring.

 

32. They do not enjoy prayer meetings.

 

The slightest excuses keep them away.  They never go unless they find it necessary to keep up their appearance, or to maintain their hope.  And when they do go, instead of having their souls melted and fired with love, they are cold, listless, dull, and glad when it is over.

 

33. They do not understand what it means to serve God because they love Him, and not for the sake of some reward.

 

34. Their thoughts are not anxiously fixed on the question, “When shall the world be converted to God?”

 

Their hearts are not agonized with such thoughts as this, “Oh, how long shall wickedness prevail?  Oh, when shall this wretched world be rid of sin and death?  Oh, when shall men cease to sin against God?”  They are more interested in the question, “When shall I die and go to heaven, and get rid of all my trials and cares?”

 

Well, I must wait until next Friday evening when, Lord willing, I will examine the third group of Professing Christians.

 

REMARKS.

 

1. I believe you will not think that I am out of line when I say that the religion I have described appears to be the religion of a great many people in the church.

 

To say the least, I am afraid that the majority of professing Christians fit this description.  To say this is neither uncharitable nor censorious.

 

2. This religion is radically defective.

 

There is nothing of true Christianity in it.  It differs as much from Christianity as the Pharisees differed from Christ, and as much as legal religion differs from gospel religion.

 

Now, let me ask you, to which of these groups of professing Christians do you belong?  Or are you in neither?  It may be that because you are aware you don’t belong to the second group, you may think you belong to the first, when in fact you will find, when I come to describe the third group of professing Christians, that the third group describes your true character.

 

It is very important that you know what your true character is really like.  Whether you are motivated in religion by true love for God and man, or whether you are religious only out of a regard for yourself.  Oh, what a solemn thought, if this church, of which I have been the pastor, has never come to an intelligent decision on this question, whether they are the true friends of God and man or not.  Do settle this question, beloved.  Now is the time.  Settle this question right now, and then go to work for God.