REPROOF A CHRISTIAN DUTY

Lectures To Professing Christians Lecture IV. 1836

by the Rev. CHARLES G. FINNEY

Modernized by Cliff Collins

 

Text:  “You shall not hate your brother in your heart.  You shall surely rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.”  (Leviticus 19:17)

The idea is this:

MEN ARE BOUND TO REPROVE THEIR NEIGHBORS FOR SIN, LEST THEY BECOME PARTAKERS WITH THEM, OR BECOME AN ACCESSORY TO THEIR SIN.

In speaking from this passage, I plan to pursue the following order:

I. I will show why God laid down this rule in today’s text.

II. I will show to whom this rule applies.

III. I will mention several exceptions that God has made to this rule, or those who are not to be reproved for their sins.

IV. I will discuss how we should rebuke our neighbor.

V. I will present several specific applications of the principles established.

Before I begin, let me define the words reprove and rebuke.  The word reprove means to voice or convey disapproval of, while rebuke means to criticize or reprove sharply, to criticize.  With that in mind

 

I. I will show why God said that we should rebuke our neighbor.

1. Love to God plainly requires that we reprove our neighbor.

If we really love God, we will feel bound to reprove those that hate Him, abuse Him, and break His commands.  If I love the government of my country, should I not reprove and rebuke someone who abuses or reviles the government?  If a child loves his parents, will he not reprove someone who abuses his parents in his presence?

2. Love for the universe will lead to the same thing.

If a man loves the universe, if he is motivated by universal unselfish love and good will, he knows that sin is inconsistent with the highest good of the universe.  He also knows that sin is calculated to injure and ruin everything if it is not counteracted, and that the direct tendency of sin is to overthrow the order and destroy the happiness of the universe.  Therefore, if he sees this happening, his unselfish love will lead him to reprove and oppose it.

3. Love for the community that you live in is another reason to reprove our neighbor.

Not only love for the universe in general, but also love for the particular people you meet should lead you to reprove sin.  Sin is a reproach to any people, and whoever commits sin helps produce a state of society that is harmful to everything good.  His example has a tendency to corrupt society, to destroy its peace and to introduce disorder and ruin, and it is the duty of everyone who loves the community to resist and reprove it.

4. Love to your neighbor demands that you reprove your neighbor.

Here, neighbor means anybody who sins within the reach of your influence, not only in your presence, but also in your neighborhood.  If your influence can reach him, whether he is in your nation or in the world, he is your neighbor.  If he sins, he harms himself.  Therefore, if we love him we will reprove his sins.  Love for the self-indulgent person, persuades us to warn him of the consequences of the direction he is taking.  Suppose we see our neighbor’s house on fire.  True love will induce us to warn him and not let him perish in the flames.  Now, if we saw that he insisted in staying in the house, especially if we saw him determined to stay in the burning building, we would desperately reason with him and not allow him to destroy himself, if we could possibly prevent it.  How much more should we warn him of the consequences of sin, reprove him, and strive to turn him before he destroys himself.

5. It is cruel not to reprove your neighbor.

If you see your neighbor sin, and you pass by and neglect to reprove him, it is just as cruel as if you should see his house on fire, pass by, and not warn him of it.  Why not?  If he is in the house, and the house burns, he will lose his life.  If he sins and he remains in his sin, he will go to hell.  Is it not cruel to let him go unwarned to hell?  Some seem to think that it is not cruel to let a neighbor go on in sin until the eternal wrath of God comes down on him.  Their feelings are so tender that they cannot hurt his feelings by telling him of his sin and his danger.  No doubt, the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel.  (Prov 12:10)  Instead of warning their neighbor of the consequences of sin, they actually encourage him in his sin by their silence.

6. To refuse to reprove your neighbor is rebellion against God.

For any one to see rebellion and not reprove it or lift his hand to oppose it, is rebellion.  Even the laws of the land would consider this rebellion.  The man, who knows of a plot to murder, and does not disclose it or try to do something about it, would be held as an accessory to the crime, and condemned as an accessory by law.  Therefore, if a person sees rebellion breaking out against God, and does not oppose it or make efforts to suppress it, he is a rebel.

7. If you do not reprove your neighbors for their sin, you are held accountable for their death.

God holds us accountable for the death of those whom we allow to go on in sin without reproof, and it is right that He should.  If we see them sin, and do not oppose them, or give any reproof, we consent to it, and morally, we support them in it.  If you see someone preparing to kill his neighbor, and you stand still and do nothing to prevent it, you consent, and you are justly accountable as an accessory.  Both in the eyes of God and in the eyes of the law, you are justly accountable for the same sin.  Therefore, if you see someone committing any iniquity, and you do nothing to resist it, you are just as guilty as he is.  His blood will be on his own head, but at whose hand will God require it?  Do you remember what God said about the watchman?  “Son of man, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel; therefore hear a word from My mouth, and give them warning from Me.  When I say to the wicked, `You shall surely die,' and you give him no warning, nor speak to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save his life, that same wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at your hand.  Yet, if you warn the wicked, and he does not turn from his wickedness, nor from his wicked way, he shall die in his iniquity; but you have delivered your soul.  Again, when a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits iniquity, and I lay a stumbling block before him, he shall die; because you did not give him warning, he shall die in his sin, and his righteousness which he has done shall not be remembered; but his blood I will require at your hand.”  (Ez 3:17-20)  This is true of everybody.  If you allow a neighbor, who is within reach of your influence, to continue in sin unwarned, he will die in his sin, but his blood shall be required at your hand.

8. Your silence encourages your neighbor to continue living in sin.

Your neighbor is authorized to conclude from your silence that you approve of his sin, or, at least, that you are not concerned about it.  This is especially true if he knows that you profess to be a Christian.  It is an old maxim that silence is consent.  Sinners often take your silence as virtually sanctioning what they do.

9. By reproving your neighbor who sins, you may save him.

Multitudes have already been reformed by timely reproof.  Someone rebuked them for their sins and urged them to repent.  That’s what saved most of these people.  You may be instrumental in saving somebody, if you speak to him, reprove him, and pray for him as you should.  How many examples there are, where a single reproof has been to the transgressor like a barbed arrow piercing deep into his soul, that irritated, and festered, until his spirit was consumed, and he submitted to God.  I have known situations where even a look of reproof has done the work.

10. If you do not save the individual reproved, your reproof may save somebody else that may be acquainted with the situation.

Such situations have often occurred, where the transgressor has not been reclaimed, but others have been deterred from following his example by the rebukes directed to that transgressor.  Who can doubt that, if professing Christians were faithful in this duty, people would fear being rebuked, and that fear would deter them from committing many sins, and multitudes who now go on unblushing and un-awed, would pause and think, and be reclaimed and saved?  Will you, with such an argument for faithfulness before you, let sinners go on un-rebuked until they stumble into hell?

11. God clearly requires that we reprove our neighbor.

The original language of today’s passage is very strong.

The word is repeated, which is the way the Hebrew expresses a superlative, so it leaves no doubt on the mind as to what must be done.  Nor does it leave any excuse for not doing it.  There isn’t any stronger command of God in the Bible than this.  God has used the strongest language that He can.  “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor” in other words, there is no excuse, “and not bear sin because of him” in other words, do not be an accessory to his ruin.  It is general law that if a man knows that a murder is about to be committed and does not do whatever is within his power to prevent it, he will be held responsible as an accessory before the fact.  If he knows that a murder has been committed, and he does not try to bring the criminal to justice, he is accessory after the fact.  So, by the law of God, if you do not try to bring a known transgressor to repentance, you are implicated in the guilt of his crime, and you are held responsible at the throne of God.

12. If you reprove your neighbor in the right way, you will keep a conscience void of offence concerning your neighbor, no matter what his end may be.

And you cannot do this without being faithful in rebuking sin.  A man does not live conscientiously towards God or man, unless he is in the habit of reproving transgressors who are within his influence.  This is one of the greatest reasons why there is so little conscience in the church.  Many professing Christians have the habit of resisting their consciences concerning their duty to reprove sin.  Here is one of the strongest commands in the Bible, and yet multitudes don’t pay any attention to it at all.  Can they have a clear conscience?  They might just as well pretend to have a clear conscience and get drunk every day.  No one keeps the law of God, or keeps his conscience clear, if he sees sin and does not reprove it.  Anyone who knows of sin and does not reprove it has additional guilt.  He breaks two commandments.  First, he becomes an accessory to the transgression of his neighbor, and then he disobeys an express requirement by refusing to reprove his neighbor.

13. Unless you reprove men for their sins, you are not prepared to meet them in judgment.

Are you prepared to meet your children in the judgment, if you have not reproved or chastised them, or watched over their morals?  “Certainly not,” you say.  But why?  “Because God has made it my duty to do this, and he holds me responsible for it.”  Very well.  Then take the situation of any other person that sins under your eye, or within reach of your influence, and goes down to hell, and you have never reproved him.  Aren’t you responsible?  Oh, how many are now groaning in hell, that you have seen commit sin, and you never reproved, and now they are pouring curses on your head because you never warned them.  And how can you meet them in judgment?

14. Unless you do this, you are not prepared to meet God.

How many are there, who claim they love God, and yet they don’t even pretend to obey this command.  Are such people prepared to meet God?  When He says, “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor.”  He means that you have no excuse for not doing it.

 

II. To whom is this command to rebuke our neighbor addressed?

Definitely, to everyone who has neighbors.  It was addressed to all the Israelites, and through them to all who are under God’s government, to high and low, rich and poor, young and old, male and female, and every individual who is under God’s government or required to obey His commands.

 

III. Some exceptions to the universal application of this law.

God, who made the law has a right to allow exceptions.  This rule is binding in every situation, unless they come within the exceptions.  Some exceptions to this rule before us are mentioned in the Bible.

1. God says, “Do not reprove a scoffer, lest he hate you; rebuke a wise man, and he will love you.”  (Prov 9:8)

A person becomes known as a scoffer, when his state of mind despises religion, hates God, and has no regard for God’s law.  This type of person cannot be influenced by any fear or care for God.  Why should you reprove him?  It will only provoke a quarrel, without any good resulting to anybody.  Therefore, God says that a scoffer is an exception to this rule.

2. Jesus Christ says, “Do not give what is holy to the dogs; nor cast your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you in pieces”.  (Matt 7:6)

Whatever else this passage means, it appears to me to mean this, that sometimes people are in such a state of mind that to talk to them about religion would be completely irrational and dangerous, like casting pearls before swine.  They have such contempt for religion, and such a stupid, sensual, swinish heart, that they will trample all your reproofs under their feet, and turn on you in anger besides.  It is OK to let such men go on; the fact that you do not meddle with them will be greater wisdom than to attack them.  But tremendous love should be exercised.  Do not think of your neighbors as swine who do not deserve a rebuke and who might not benefit by suitable reproof.

3. Men who are in a settled state of self-righteousness should be left alone.

Christ said of the Scribes and Pharisees, “Let them alone.  They are blind leaders of the blind.  And if the blind leads the blind, both will fall into a ditch.”  (Matt 15:14)  That is, they were so full of pride and conceit, so satisfied of their own wisdom and goodness, that they cannot be reached by any reproof, and it seems best to leave them alone; for if you begin to reprove them, you might as well face a Texas tornado as to think of making an impression on them.  They will face you down, and are so full of arguments, objections, and intimidations, that you gain nothing.

 

IV. Let us look at the way we should perform this duty.

1. A rebuke should always be done in the name of the Lord.

It is important that when you reprove your neighbor for sin, make him feel it is not a personal controversy between you and him.  Do not be selfish.  Don’t claim, suggest, or even hint that you are superior in any way.  Don’t lord it over him.  But, you are to reprove him in the name of the Lord, for the honor of God, simply because he has broken His law.  If, by your behavior, you in any way give him the impression that it is a personal controversy, or that you are rebuking him for personal reasons, he will certainly rise up against you, resist, and perhaps retort against you.  But if you make the impression that it is done in the name of God, and bring him right up before God as an offender, he will find it exceedingly difficult to get away from you without at least confessing that he is wrong.

2. You should always rebuke your neighbor very seriously and sincerely.

Above all things, do not make him think that it is just a little thing that you hint to him, but make him feel that, because he has sinned against God, you are reproving him, and that it is what, in your view, should be looked on as an awful thing.

3. Your severity depends on the nature of the situation and the circumstances under which the sin was committed.

(1.) The relationship between the parties.

Your relationship to the guilty person should be properly considered.

If a child is going to reprove a parent, he should do it in a way that is suited to the relationship he has with that parent.  If a man is going to reprove a magistrate, or if an individual is about to rebuke an elder, the apostle says it must be in the following way.  “Do not rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father, the younger men as brothers”.  (I Tim 5:1)  Any relationship should be taken into consideration when deciding the way reproof should be administered.  The relationship between parents and children, husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, should all be considered.  Also, the ages of the parties and their relative circumstances in life should also be considered.  For servants to reprove their masters in the same way as they reprove their equals is improper.  This direction should never be overlooked or forgotten, for if it is, the good effect of reproof will be lost.  But remember, that no relationship in life, or relative circumstances of the parties can completely take away the obligation of this duty.  No matter what the relationship is, reprove sin, and do it in the name of the Lord.  Do it, not as if you were complaining or finding fault for a personal injury committed against yourself, but as a sin against God.  Thus, when a child reproves a parent for sin, he is not to do it as if he was expostulating with him for any injury done to himself, but with an eye to the fact that the parent has sinned against God, and therefore, he should rebuke his parent with all that plainness, faithfulness, and pungency that sin calls for.

(2.) Reproof should be regulated by the knowledge that the offender has of his duty.

If the individual is ignorant, reproof should be more in the form of instruction, rather than severe rebuke.  How do you deal with your little child?  You instruct him and strive to enlighten his mind concerning the things that he should be doing.  Of course, your approach in dealing with your child is very different from how you would deal with a hardened offender.

(3.) The frequency of the offence should also be taken into consideration.

You would reprove a first time offender very differently than you would a habitual transgressor.  If a person is accustomed to sin, and knows that it is wrong, you must be more severe.  If it is the first time, perhaps a mere allusion to it may be sufficient to prevent a repetition.

(4.) You must also consider whether he has been frequently reproved for the sin.

If he has repeatedly committed the same sin and has been reproved often, and yet he continues to harden his neck, there is a greater need to be very firm.  Because resisting reproofs have hardened him, no common reproof will be effective.  He needs to have the terrors of the Lord poured on him like a hailstorm.

4. Never lose your temper or get upset.

Never manifest any displeasure in the transgressor, which he might mistakenly think that you are personally displeased with him.  It is often important to show your strong displeasure at what he is doing.  Otherwise, he will think you are not serious.  Suppose you reprove someone for murder in a way that does not express any abhorrence of his crime.  Don’t expect to produce any positive changes.  The manner should be suited to the nature of the crime, yet so as not to lead that person to think you have any personal feelings against him.  Here we have the greatest error in the way crime is reproved, both in the pulpit and out of it.  For fear of giving offence, men do not express their abhorrence of the sin, and therefore transgressors are seldom reclaimed.

5. Always reprove in the Spirit of God.

You should always have so much of the Holy Ghost with you, that when you reprove a man for sin, he will feel as if it comes from God.  I have known situations, where reproof from a Christian in that state cuts the transgressor right to the heart, and stings like the arrow of the Almighty, and he cannot get rid of it until he repents.

6. There are many different ways of giving reproof so it will reach the individual reproved.

Sometimes it can best be done by sending a letter, especially if the person lives far away.  And there are situations where it can be done even if that person lives in your own neighborhood.  I know an individual who chose this way to reprimand a sea captain for intemperance while crossing the Atlantic.  The captain drank hard, especially in bad weather, and when his services were needed the most.  The individual was in great agony, because the captain was intemperate, and when he drank, he became ill natured and endangered the lives of everybody on board.  He made it a subject of prayer.  It was a difficult situation.  He did not know how to approach the captain in order to make it probable to do good and not hurt; for a captain at sea, you know, is a perfect despot, and has the most absolute power on earth.  After a while he sat down and wrote a letter, and gave it to the captain with his own hand, in which he plainly and affectionately, but faithfully and most pointedly discussed his conduct, and the sin he was committing against God and man.  He accompanied it with a lot of prayer to God.  The captain read it, and it completely cured him.  He apologized to the individual and never drank another drop of anything stronger than coffee and tea on the whole passage.

7. Sometimes it is necessary to reprove sin by forming an organization, publishing newspapers and bulletins, and forming a public opinion against a particular sin, that becomes a continuous and overwhelming rebuke.  The Temperance societies, Moral Reform societies, Anti-Slavery societies, etc., are designed for this purpose.

 

V. I will mention now some of the cases in which these principles apply.

They peculiarly apply to those crimes that are calculated to undermine the institutions of society, and to exert a widespread influence.  Such sins can only be held in check and put down by faithfulness in reproof.

1. Sabbath breaking.

If Christians would universally mark transgressors, and rebuke those who trample on the Sabbath, they would do more to put a stop to Sabbath breaking than by all other means.  If Christians were united in this, how long do you suppose it would be before this sin would be put down?  If only a few were faithful, and constant, and persevering, they might do a lot.  If only a few do it, and these do it only occasionally, it might not have much effect.  But, I believe if all professing Christians were to do this, every grocery store, tavern, clothing store, and fruit stand would close on Sundays.  In every situation that applies, they are bound to do it no matter what happens; and as long as they neglect their duty, they are accountable before God with all the Sabbath breaking in the city.  If all the churches and ecclesiastical bodies in the land united to rebuke the government continuously and firmly in the name of the Lord, do you suppose that the government would continue to violate the Sabbath with their mail?  I tell you, no!  I believe that the church could accomplish this in only one year if all the churches united throughout the country and would speak out fully, in the fear of God, and without any fear of man.  No person, who ever expected to be elected to office again, would ever again advise breaking the Sabbath.  But now, as long as the church is divided and not interested, there are so few who speak out that Congress despises and ignores them.  Thus, it turns out that the church winks at Sabbath breaking, and they are without excuse until they speak out and rebuke their rulers, in the name of Jehovah, for breaking His holy law.

2. Intemperance and selling hard liquor.

Suppose every man in this city that sells alcoholic beverages were continually subject to the rebukes which God requires.  Suppose everyone that passed by his store or tavern were to reprove him for his sin, how long could he sell liquor?  If only the church were to do it, if that deacon and that elder would do it, and every Christian would follow him with rebukes in the name of the Lord for poisoning men to death with liquor, he could not continue doing it.  Such a strong and decided testimony would soon drive him from his trade of death.  In self-defense, he would have to yield to the pressure of solemn rebuke.

3. Lewdness.

This widespread evil should be universally rebuked.

It should be rebuked unsparingly, not only from the pulpit, but also by the press, and in the street, until it is driven out from its strong holds, and forced to hide in the chambers of hell where it belongs.

4. Slavery.

What!  Shall men be allowed to commit one of the most God-dishonoring and most heaven-daring sins on earth, and not be reproved?  It is a sin against which all men should bear testimony, and lift up their voice like a trumpet, until this giant iniquity is banished from the land and from the world.

 

VI. I will now consider some of the difficulties that are sometimes raised to prevent this duty from being performed.

1. It is often asked, “Is it a duty to reprove my neighbor when there is no chance that it will do him any good?”

It may be very important to reprove sin in many situations where there is no chance that the individual whom you reprove will benefit.  This is especially true in situations where your silence would he taken for approving of his sin.  This is also true when his rebuke may prevent others from committing the same crime.  Whenever the offender comes properly under the description of a scoffer or a swine, there God has made an exception, and you are not required to reprove.  But in other situations, the duty is yours, the consequences is God’s.

2. It is asked, “Should I reprove strangers?”

Why not?  Is not the stranger your neighbor?  You are not to reprove a stranger in the same way that you would rebuke someone you know very well, but the fact that he is a stranger is no reason why he should not he reproved if he breaks the command of God.  If a man swears profanely, or breaks the Sabbath in your presence, his being a stranger does not excuse you from your duty and your responsibility to administering reproof, or to try to bring him to repentance and save his soul.

3. It is asked, “Should we reprove a person when he is drunk”?

Generally not, for when a person is drunk he really can’t think straight.  There may be situations where a rebuke is used to warn others.  But as far as the drunkard is concerned, generally it is not appropriate. There are many situations however, where reproof to someone even when drunk, has taken such a hold on his mind as to sober him and turn him from his beastly sin.

4. “Shall we reprove great men, and those who are above us in society, and who may look down on us and on our reproofs with contempt”?

A person’s position in society does not alter your duty.  “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.”  You should bear in mind the relationship in which he stands and treat him accordingly.  Still, if he sins against God, it is your duty to reprove him in an appropriate manner.

 

REMARKS.

 1. Do not talk about people's sins, but go and reprove them.

It is very common to talk about people's sins behind their backs, but this is wicked.  If you want to talk about any person's sins, go and talk to him about them, and try to get him to repent and forsake them.  Do not go and talk to others behind his back, and let him to go on in his sins, unwarned, to hell.

2. Few professing Christians today are sufficiently conscientious enough to practice this duty.

I suppose there are thousands in this city, who never think of doing it.  Yes, professing Christians live in habitual disobedience to this plain, and strongly expressed command of God.  Then they wonder why they do not have the spirit of prayer, and why there are no more revivals!  Wonder!

3. Do you see why only a few enjoy religion?

Most so-called Christians live in habitual neglect of this command, making excuses, when God has said there shall be no excuse.  How can they enjoy religion?  What would the universe think of God, if He should grant the joys of religion to such unfaithful pew warmers?

4. We see that most professing Christians today have more regard for their own reputation than for God’s requirements.

The proof is, that rather than run the risk of being called censorious, or of gaining enemies by rebuking sin, they will let men go on in sin, in spite of the fact that God says, “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor.”  “But I shall offend him if I reprove his sin.”  He says.  “Rebuke him anyway.”  Jehovah replies.  Their failure to obey this command shows that they have greater fear of men than of God.  For fear of offending men, they run the risk of offending God.  Yes, they would rather disobey God in one of His plainest and strongest commandments, rather than incur the displeasure of men by rebuking their sins.

5. No one has a right to say to us, when we reprove him for his sin, that it is none of our business to meddle with him.

Often, transgressors tell those who faithfully reprove them that they had better mind their own business and not meddle with what does not concern them.  They are called meddlers and busy bodies, for interfering in other people's business.  In the South, many have worked themselves up into a great rage because the Northerners are trying to convince them of the wickedness of slavery.  And they say it is none of our business, that slavery is their own business, and they will not allow anybody else to interfere with them.  They want us to leave them alone, and will not even allow us to talk about the subject.  They also want our Northern legislatures to pass laws forbidding us to rebuke our Southern neighbors for their sin of holding men in slavery.  God forbid that we should be silent.  Jehovah himself has commanded us to rebuke our neighbor no matter what the consequences are.  And we will rebuke them even if all hell rises up against it.

Should we to hold our peace and be partakers in the sin of slavery, by our silence, as we have been?  God forbid.  We will speak about it.  We will bear our testimony against it.  We will pray over it; and we will complain about it to God and man.  Heaven will know, and the world will know, and hell will know, that we protest against that sin and will continue to rebuke it, until it is broken up.  God Almighty says, “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor.” and we must do it.

So the drug dealer is all the while pleading, “It is none of your business what I do.  Please mind your own business and leave me alone.”  But it is our business to reprove him when he dispenses his poison, and it is everybody's concern, and every man is required to rebuke his crime until he gives it up and ceases to destroy the lives and souls of his neighbors.

6. We see the importance of consistency in religion.

If a man claims to love God, he should have enough consistency to reprove those that oppose God.  If Christians were only consistent in this duty, many would be converted by it, a right public sentiment would be formed, and sin would be rebuked and forced to retire before the majesty of Christian rebuke.  If Christians were not such cowards, and completely disobedient to this plain command of God, one thing would certainly come of it.  Either they would be murdered in the streets as martyrs, because men could not bear the intolerable presence of truth, or they would be speedily converted to God.

What shall we say to such professing Christians?  Afraid to reprove sinners!  When God commands, they are not prepared to obey!  How will they answer it to God?

Now, beloved, will you practice this duty?  Will you reprove sin faithfully, so as not to bear sin because of your neighbor?  Will you make your whole life a testimony against sin?  Will you clear your souls, or will you hold your peace and be weighed down with the guilt of all the transgressors around you and within the sphere of your influence?  God says, “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him”.